Before a gestational diabetes test, particularly the glucose screening test, what you eat can impact the results. It’s important to follow any instructions your healthcare provider gives you.
Here’s what you need to know based on the type of test:
Glucose Challenge Test (GCT)
The Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) is a screening test used during pregnancy to check for gestational diabetes, typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. It measures how efficiently your body processes sugar (glucose). It helps identify whether further testing is needed to diagnose gestational diabetes.
What to eat beforehand:
Opt for a balanced meal or snack low in simple sugars and refined carbs to avoid spiking your blood sugar.
Examples:
- Scrambled eggs with whole-grain toast
- Greek yogurt with nuts
- A salad with lean protein (like chicken or tofu)
- Avoid high-sugar foods like pastries, juice, candy, or soda.
- Timing: Eat your last meal 2-3 hours before the test to allow your blood sugar levels to stabilize.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is a diagnostic test used to assess how your body processes sugar and confirm gestational diabetes if the initial Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) results were elevated.
This three-hour test usually requires fasting for 8-14 hours beforehand. You should not eat or drink anything except water during this period. Typically performed during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, especially if the GCT result is 140 mg/dL or higher.
Diet Tips Before Fasting:
- In the days leading up to the test, eat a well-balanced diet with consistent carbs, proteins, and fats to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
- Avoid extremes, like low-carb or high-sugar diets, as they might affect test results.
General Recommendations
- Follow your doctor’s specific instructions.
- Stay hydrated with water before the test.
- Call your healthcare provider for clarification if you’re unsure about what to eat or whether you should fast.
- Eating balanced, low-glycemic foods before the test (if fasting isn’t required) can help ensure accurate results and prevent a false positive.