Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that can cause mild to moderate symptoms, such as fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat. Most individuals recover within a few days with rest and hydration. However, the virus can lead to more serious complications, particularly in infants, older adults, and those with compromised immune systems.
Symptoms of HMPV:
- Fever
- Cough
- Nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing or bronchitis
- Pneumonia in severe cases
Guidelines for Managing Infection
Given India’s diverse climatic and healthcare settings, managing HMPV requires tailored approaches:
1. Prevention
- Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Use hand sanitizers containing at least 60% alcohol when soap is unavailable.
- Avoid touching the face, especially the nose, mouth, and eyes.
- Respiratory Etiquette:
- Cover mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow while coughing or sneezing.
- Dispose of tissues immediately and wash hands.
- Surface Cleaning:
- Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces (doorknobs, mobile phones, toys).
- Crowd Avoidance:
- Avoid crowded areas, especially during outbreak seasons.
2. Early Diagnosis and Treatment
- Symptoms Monitoring:
- Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or include difficulty breathing, high fever, or persistent wheezing.
- Diagnosis:
- Laboratory tests like RT-PCR can confirm HMPV.
- Treatment:
- Supportive care (hydration, rest, antipyretics for fever).
- Oxygen therapy for severe cases.
- Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics (as it is a viral infection).
3. Public Awareness
- Encourage parents to keep sick children at home.
- Promote hygiene education in schools.
HMPV is a significant cause of respiratory illness, particularly for vulnerable populations. Proactive prevention, early diagnosis, and public awareness are critical for reducing its impact in India. Integrating these guidelines into public health policies will help minimize the burden of HMPV-related diseases.
Soumya Swaminathan, the former Chief Scientist of the World Health Organisation (WHO), reassured the public, stating, “#HMPV is nothing to panic about. It’s a known virus that causes respiratory infections, mostly mild. Rather than jump at detection of every pathogen, we should all take normal precautions when we have a cold: wear a mask, wash hands, avoid crowds, consult Dr if severe symptoms.”