By Kejal Shah, NUTRIVITY
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects millions globally. While lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise remain the cornerstone of weight management, pharmacotherapy has emerged as a valuable adjunct for individuals struggling to achieve significant weight loss.
Efficacy of Weight Loss Medications
Semaglutide: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to result in substantial weight loss in clinical trials. A study reported a mean weight reduction of 11.85% from baseline among individuals with obesity without type 2 diabetes. Long-term data from the SELECT trial indicated sustained weight loss over 208 weeks, with improvements in anthropometric measurements.
Phentermine/Topiramate: The combination of phentermine and extended-release topiramate is effective in managing obesity. A review highlighted that the combination resulted in a mean percentage weight loss of 12.4%, with 70% of patients losing at least 5% of their body weight. Additionally, the SEQUEL study confirmed sustained weight loss over two years, along with improvements in cardio-metabolic profiles.
Liraglutide: Liraglutide, another GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been found to induce and sustain weight loss in patients with obesity. A critical review indicated that liraglutide’s efficacy is comparable to other available agents, with the added benefit of improved glycemic control. Real-world data from the United Kingdom showed that liraglutide was prescribed according to approved indications, raising no new safety concerns.
Safety and Side Effects
While weight loss medications can be effective, they are not without potential side effects. Common adverse events include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, serious complications are rare, and many side effects diminish over time or with dosage adjustments.
Individuals need to consult healthcare providers to determine the most suitable medication and monitor for any adverse reactions.
Long-Term Considerations
The long-term effectiveness of weight loss medications remains a topic of ongoing research. While short-term studies indicate significant weight loss, more extended trials are needed to assess the sustainability of these results and the long-term safety profile of these medications.
Weight loss medications, when used appropriately and under medical supervision, can be a valuable tool in managing obesity. They offer additional support for individuals struggling to achieve significant weight loss through lifestyle changes alone. However, it’s crucial to approach these medications as part of a comprehensive weight management plan that includes dietary modifications, physical activity, and behavioral therapy. Consulting with healthcare professionals ensures that individuals receive personalized care tailored to their specific needs and health status.
References:
- Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity. PubMed. Available at:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34942372/ - Phentermine-topiramate: First combination drug for obesity. PMC. Available at:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4456896/ - Liraglutide for Weight Management: A Critical Review of the Evidence. PubMed. Available at:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28392927/ - Real-world use of liraglutide for weight management according to approved indications.
PubMed. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40292833/ - Weight loss and persistence with liraglutide 3.0 mg by obesity class. PMC. Available at:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7448201/ - Clinical Insight on Semaglutide for Chronic Weight Management in Adults with Obesity. PMC.
Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9807016/ - Efficacy and Safety of Phentermine/Topiramate in Adults with Obesity. PubMed. Available at:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33864346/ - Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Management.
PubMed. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38679221/ - Liraglutide 3.0 mg (Saxenda©) for Weight Loss and Glycemic Control. PubMed. Available at:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38012508/ - Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with phentermine/topiramate
extended-release. PMC. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3260065/